In vitro hypoglycemic effects of unripe and ripe fruits of Musa sapientum

ABSTRACT The present study was undertaken to verify the hypoglycemic potential of unripe and ripe fruit extracts of Musa sapientum by using various in-vitro techniques, namely glucose adsorption capacity, glucose diffusion, amylolysis kinetics and glucose transport across the yeast cells. The results revealed that the unripe and ripe fruit extracts of Musa sapientum adsorbed glucose and the adsorption of glucose increased remarkably with an increase in glucose concentration. There were no significant (p≤0.05) differences between their adsorption capacities. In the amylolysis kinetic experimental model the rate of glucose diffusion was found to be increased with time from 30 to 180 min and both extracts exhibited significant inhibitory effects on the movement of glucose into external solution across the dialysis membrane as compared to control. The plant extracts also promoted glucose uptake by the yeast cells and enhancement of glucose uptake was dependent on both the sample and glucose concentration. The hypoglycemic effect exhibited by the extracts was observed to be mediated by inhibiting α-amylase, inhibiting glucose diffusion by adsorbing glucose and by increasing glucose transport across the cell membranes as revealed by an in-vitro model of yeast cells.

Influence of Musa sapientum L. on pharmacokinetic of metformin in diabetic gastroparesis / 中国结合医学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the effect of Musa sapientum L. (MS) bark juice in diabetic gastroparesis and its effect on pharmacokinetic of metformin (MET).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Diabetes was induced in rats by administering alloxan (120 mg/kg) saline solution and maintained for 8 week. All the 18 Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into three groups (n =6 in each group): normal control, diabetic control and MS bark juice. Assessment of diabetes was done by glucose oxidase-peroxidase method on the 3rd day of alloxan administration. The effects of MS bark juice (100 mL/kg) on gastric emptying time, intestinal transit time, contractility of fundus and pylorus as well as gastric acid secretion in chronic diabetic rats were observed after 8 weeks of alloxan administration. The effect of MS bark juice on the pharmacokinetic of orally administered single dose of MET (350 mg/kg) was evaluated on the 57th day of protocol. Any drugs that may reduce the blood glucose level or influence the fibrinolytic system were not used in this study.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The MS bark juice significantly reduced the blood glucose level in the diabetic rats (P<0.01). There was significant decrease in the pylorus motility and increase in the gastric emptying time, intestinal transit time, contractility of fundus, gastric acid secretion in the MS bark juice treated group (P<0.01). There was significant decrease in the time at which drug at a maximum concentration, half life of drug and increase in the maximum concentration of drug in the plasma of MET in MS bark juice treated group as compared to diabetic control group (P<0.01).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>MS bark juice effectively manages diabetic gastroparesis and thereby improves the bioavailabilty of MET when administered with MS bark juice.</p>

Repair of surgical wounds in rats using a 10% unripe Musa sapientum peel gel

PURPOSE:To investigate the efficacy of a 10% gel of unripe banana (Musa sapientum) peel in treating surgical wounds in rats.METHODS:A longitudinal, prospective, randomized triple-blind study was conducted with 60 Wistar rats (Rattus norvegicus albinus) weighing approximately 400g. The animals were randomly divided into: control group (treated with gel containing no active ingredient) and study group (treated with 10% gel of unripe banana peel). The gel was applied every three days to a 4x4-cm surgical wound created on the back of each animal (day 0) in both groups. Tissue samples were collected for histological analysis on days 14, 21 and 28.RESULTS:On day 14, more extensive vascular proliferation (p=0.023), presence of mononuclear cells (p=0.000), fibroblast proliferation (p=0.012), re-epithelialization (p=0.000), and decreased presence of polymorphonuclear cells (p=0.010) were observed in the study group than in controls. No significant between-group difference in the presence of polymorphonuclear cells was found on day 21. Fibroblast proliferation was significantly greater (p=0.006) in the study group than in the control group on day 28.CONCLUSION:The 10% gel of unripe banana peel showed anti-inflammatory activity and stimulated wound healing in rat skin when compared with a gel containing no active ingredient.

Microbial Occurrence and Distribution at Different Rhizosphere Depths of Musa sapientum var parasidiaca and Senna occidentalis.

In this study, we focussed on the isolation, enumeration, distribution and occurrence of rhizomicroflora of Musa sapientum var parasidiaca and Senna occidentalis. The population, occurrence and distribution of culturable bacteria, fungi and actinomycetes in 5, 10, 15, and 20 cm depths rhizosphere samples of Musa sapientum var parasidiaca and Senna occidentalis growing in the botanical garden of the University of Lagos, Akoka, Nigeria, were investigated using standard plate count and biochemical techniques. Bacteria were the most predominant in the rhizosphere of both plants, followed by fungi, then actinomycetes. The culturable microbial population was at its maximum for depths 10 and 15 cm in M. sapientum var parasidiaca. In S. occidentalis, bacterial population was highest at 5cm, fungi at 10cm and actinomycetes at 15cm depth of the rhizosphere. Bacillus cereus had 100% distribution in the rhizosphere of both plants and Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Proteus mirabilis each had 75% distribution in both rhizospheres. Rhizosphere depth of 10 cm had 100% distribution of bacteria, and the least bacterial distribution was found at 20cm. Fungi were most distributed at 15cm rhizosphere of M. sapientum var parasidiaca and at 10 and 15 cm rhizosphere of S. occidentalis. Rhizopus stolonifer had 100% distribution and the highest % occurrence in the rhizosphere of both plants with Aspergillus niger having 100 and 75% distribution in the rhizosphere of M. sapientum and S. occidentalis respectively. Actinomycetes were most distributed at 10 cm (60 and 80% in rhizosphere of M. sapientum and S. occidentalis respectively). Streptomyces sp had the highest distribution in the rhizosphere of both plants and 58.33 and 55.17% occurrences in rhizosphere of M. sapientum and S. occidentalis respectively. Streptomyces alanosinicus and S. gancidicus were absent among the rhizosphere isolates of M. sapientum. Similarly, S. globosus and S. sampsonii were not found in the rhizosphere of S. occidentalis. The abundance of the microorganisms in these rhizospheres is typical of an environment with high species richness and functional diversity.

Unripe Musa sapientum peel in the healing of surgical wounds in rats

PURPOSE: To assess the effects of unripe Musa sapientum peel on the healing of surgical wounds in rats. METHODS: One hundred and twenty Wistar rats were divided into two treatment groups of 60 animals each: the control group (gel without the active ingredient) and experimental group (4% Musa sapientum peel gel). A 4 x 4 cm surgical wound was created on the back of each animal. The wound was cleaned daily with 0.9% saline, treated with 4% gel or natrosol gel (control), and covered with gauze. Animals from both groups were sacrificed after seven, 14 and 21 days of treatment; the tissue from the wound site was removed together with a margin of normal skin for histological analysis. RESULTS: No significant differences in wound contraction rates (p=0.982) were found between time points (seven, 14 and 21 days of treatment) in both groups. However, a significantly higher wound contraction rate was observed in the control group on day 21 compared with the experimental group (p=0.029). There were no significant differences in histomorphological features between groups. The experimental group showed an increased number of polymorphonuclear cells on day 7, with a significant reduction on day 21 (p=0.026). CONCLUSION: The use of 4% unripe Musa sapientum peel gel on surgical wounds in rats resulted in an increased number of polymorphonuclear cells on day 7, reduced wound contraction, reduced vascular proliferation and increased concentration of collagen fibers on day 21.

Medicinal activities of the leaves of Musa sapientum var. sylvesteris in vitro

This study is to investigate the medicinal value of methanolic extract of the leaves of Musa sapientum var. sylvesteris in Bangladesh. Methods: Several biochemical assays, thin layer chormatogarphy and ultra-violet spectroscopy were used to detect the presence of various types of compounds in this extract. Antioxidant effects were measured by DPPH scavenging assay, total reducing assay and hydrogen peroxide scavenging assay. Receptor binding activities and hydrogen peroxide induced hemolysis assay were performed by hemagglutination assay and hemolysis assay using erythrocytes. Disk diffusion assay was performed to show the antibacterial effect of the extract. Results: Methanolic extract of the leaves showed antioxidant and antibacterial activity in vitro. The extract showed hemaglutination inhibition activities and hydrogen peroxide induced hemolysis inhibition activity of human red blood cells. Conclusion:Musa sapientum var. sylvesteris can be an useful medicinal plant.

Hemostatic potential of the sap of Musa sapientum L. (Musaceae).

In Benin, Musa sapientum is one of the most important medicinal species used in the treatment of bleeding. In this study, hemostatic properties of M. sapientium sapand its mechanism of action have been identified through hematologic tests such as Clotting Time, Prothrombin Time, Activated Partial Thromboplastin Time and Milk Precipitation Test; biochemical test (total proteins); macroscopic and microscopic tests performed on different blood products before and after addition of sap. The results obtained showed that Musa sapientum reduced significantly clotting Time. However, it has no effect on the individual factors of coagulation. Its mechanism of action results from its ability to form a protein network which is a basis for cellular aggregation stopping bleeding. Moreover, Milk Precipitation Test showed astringent properties of Musa sapientum and therefore its vasoconstrictors properties. Phytochemical analyses revealed the presence of alkaloids, tannins, coumarins, reducing compounds, anthocyanins and leucoantocyanes. . M. sapientumis great on treatment of bleeding and could help to elaborate new drugs.

Gel from unripe Musa sapientum peel to repair surgical wounds in rats / Gel da casca de Musa sapientum verde no reparo de lesões operatórias em ratos

PURPOSE: To determine the optimum concentration of a gel obtained from unripe banana (Musa sapientum) peel for wound treatment in rats. METHODS: A randomized triple blind study was conducted with 40 Wistar rats, which were divided into 4 groups: CG, control group; G2 percent, 2 percent gel concentration group; G4 percent, 4 percent gel concentration group; and G10 percent, 10 percent gel concentration group. The banana peel gel was applied daily, for 7 days, to a 4-cm² wound created on the back of each animal of all groups. After this period, the wounds were biopsied. Statistical analysis was carried out using the Kruskal-Wallis test complemented by the Student-Newman-Keuls test. RESULTS: Macroscopic examination revealed that partial epithelialization occurred in all groups. Wound contraction was also observed in all groups and ranged from 1.38 to 1.57 mm in the study groups, and from 1.03 to 1.10 mm in the control group, with significant differences (p < 0.05) between the groups: CG and G10 percent, G2 percent and G4 percent, G2 percent and G10 percent. The interquartile deviation was smaller between the groups CG and G4 percent. CONCLUSION: The 4 percent gel obtained from unripe banana peel (G4 percent) resulted in better epithelialization of wounds healed by secondary intention compared with other gel concentrations.

OBJETIVO: Avaliar a concentração ideal do gel da casca de Musa sapientum verde no tratamento de feridas em ratos. MÉTODOS: Estudo randomizado, triplo cego, com 40 ratos da linhagem Wistar divididos em quatro grupos: GC controle, G2 por cento gel a 2 por cento, G4 por cento gel a 4 por cento, G10 por cento gel a 10 por cento. Realizou-se aplicação diária do gel nas diferentes concentrações, durante sete dias, em uma ferida de 4 cm² realizada no dorso de cada rato. Após este período, as lesões foram biopsiadas. Para analise dos dados utilizou-se o teste de Kruskal-Wallis complementado pelo teste de Student-Newman-Keuls. RESULTADOS: Os achados macroscópicos demonstraram reepitelização parcial em todos os grupos. A contração da área da ferida variou entre 1,38 a 1,57 mm nos grupos de estudo, e entre 1,03 a 1,10 mm no grupo controle. Houve diferença significante (p < 0,05) entre os grupos: GC e G10 por cento, G2 por cento e G4 por cento, G2 por cento e G10 por cento, sendo o desvio interquartílico menor entre os grupos GC e G4 por cento. CONCLUSÃO: O gel a 4 por cento da casca de M. sapientum verde promoveu maior área de epitelização em feridas com cicatrização por segunda intenção, em relação ao gel nas outras concentrações testadas.

Musa paradisiaca L. and musa sapientum L. : A phytochemical and pharmacological review.

Musa paradisiaca L. and Musa sapientum L. (Musaceae) are mainly grown in the tropical and subtropical countries and are widely used for its nutritional values all over the world. The fruits as well as the other parts of the plant are used to treat different diseases in human in traditional medicine. This review presents the scientific information on the traditional uses, phytochemistry and pharmacology of these two species. Both M. paradisiaca and M. sapientum are traditionally used in diarrhoea, dysentery, intestinal lesions in ulcerative colitis, diabetes, sprue, uremia, nephritis, gout, hypertension and cardiac disease. This review reports the phytochemicals isolated and identified from fruit pulp, peel, seeds and flowers. A comprehensive assessment of the biological activities of different extracts is included and possible mechanisms and phytochemicals involved have been correlated.

Evaluation of post-surgical healing in rats using a topical preparation based on extract of Musa sapientum L., Musaceae, epicarp

Considering that oral preparations made with peel green bananas (e.g. flour and extracts) demonstrated healing effects on mucous membranes and skin, this study evaluated the healing and the antimicrobial property of a topical preparation based on extract of Musa sapientum L., Musaceae, (apple banana) in surgically induced wounds in the skin of male Wistar rats, 100 g. The extract was obtained by decoction, the presence of tannins was detected by phytochemical screening and 10 percent of the extract was incorporated into the carbopol gel (CMS gel). The processes of healing and bacterial isolation were evaluated in the following experimental groups: control (no treatment), treatment with placebo or with the CMS gel. The healing of surgical wounds treated with the CMS gel was faster when compared with the control and placebo groups and the treatment with CMS gel also inhibited the growth of pyogenic bacteria and enterobacteria in the wounds. The results indicate that the extract of Musa sapientum epicarp has healing and antimicrobial properties (in vivo), probably, due to tannins.

Uso de misturas químicas para a manutenção da firmeza de banana 'Prata' minimamente processada / Use of chemical mixtures for firmness maintenance of fresh-cut 'Silver' banana

A banana constitui interessante alternativa para compor saladas de frutas. No entanto, possui curta vida de prateleira após o processamento mínimo em razão da rápida perda da firmeza. Neste trabalho, objetivou-se avaliar o efeito da mistura química contendo cloreto de cálcio, ácido ascórbico e L-cisteína e/com o uso de atmosfera modificada ativa (10 kPa CO2 e 2 kPa O2), enfatizando a perda de firmeza sobre a qualidade e vida de prateleira de banana 'Prata' minimamente processada. O conteúdo de pectina solúvel e a por cento de solubilização aumentaram significativamente ao longo do período de conservação. A perda de firmeza e o aumento das atividades das enzimas poligalacturonase e pectinametilesterase apresentaram uma interação significativa entre os fatores estudados (Tratamento/Tempo). As fatias tratadas com misturas químicas permaneceram com boas características para o consumo por até 3 dias de conservação. Os tratamentos com injeção inicial de gases de forma isolada, ou junto ao tratamento com mistura química, não propiciaram maior retenção da firmeza de banana 'Prata' minimamente processada em relação ao tratamento contendo L-cisteína (1 por cento p/v) + ácido ascórbico (1 por cento p/v) + cloreto de cálcio (1 por cento p/v) na mistura química.

Banana constitutes an interesting alternative to make fruit salad. Nevertheless, they have short shelf life after cutting due to the fast loss of firmness. The objective of this work was to evaluate the effect of chemical mixtures containing calcium chloride, ascorbic acid and L-cysteine with the use of active modified atmosphere (10 kPa CO2 and 2 kPa O2), emphasizing the lost of firmness on the quality and shelf life of fresh-cut 'Silver' banana. Soluble pectin content and the percentage of solubilization increased significantly throughout the conservation period. The lost of firmness and the increase of pectinmethylesterase and polygalacturonase activities presented a significant interaction among the studied factors (treatment/time). The slices treated with chemical mixtures remained with good characteristics for consume until 3 days of conservation. The treatments with an isolated initial gas injection or together with the chemical mixture treatment didn't promote better firmness retention of fresh-cut 'Silver' banana in relation to the treatment containing 1 percent (w/v) L-cysteine + 1 percent (w/v) ascorbic acid + 1 percent (w/v) calcium chloride in the chemical mixture.

Determination of 3-methyl-7,8-dihydroxy-isochroman-4-one in the peel of Musa sapientum / 中国药科大学学报

Aim: To establish an HPLC method for the determination of 3-methyl-7, 8-dihydroxy-isochroman-4-one in the peel of Musa sapientum. Methods: A column of Shimadzu ODS-C_(18) column (250 mm × 4. 6 mm,5 μm), and a mobile phase of acetonitrile-water-phosphoric acid(9:91:0. 1) were adopted. A detect wavelength of 283 nm, a flow rate of 1 mL/min, and a column temperature of 35 ℃ were set. Results: The content of 3-methyl-7,8-dihydroxy-isochroman-4-one in the peel of Musa sapientum was 0.029 5%-0.036 7%. Calibration curve was linear over the range 1. 09-13. 08 μg. The average recovery was 100. 0%. The assay variability value was 0. 64 %(n=9). Conclusion: The method can be used for the quality control of Musa sapientum.

Hypoglycemic action of the pectin present in the juice of the inflorescence stalk of plantain (Musa sapientum)—Mechanism of action.

The pectin isolated from the juice of the inflorescence stalk of plantain (Musa sapientum) has been found to show significant hypoglycemic effect both in normoglycemic and alloxan diabetic rats. After its administration at a dose of 20mg/100g body weight, there was increase in the concentration of hepatic glycogen, increased glycogenesis as evident from the increased activity of glycogen synthetase and in normoglycemic rats increased incorporation of labelled glucose into hepatic glycogen. Glycogenolysis and glyconeogenesis were lower as was evident from the decreased activity of glycogen phosphorylase and gluconeogenic enzymes.

Hypolipidemic principle of the inflorescence stalk of plantain (Musa sapientum).

A pectin present in the juice of the inflorescence stalk of plantain (Musa sapientum) has been isolated. The material contained 32·4% hexoses and 52·5% uronic acid. On administration to rats fed both cholesterol free and cholesterol diet, this material showed significant lowering of cholesterol and triglycerides in the serum, liver and aorta. There was decreased cholesterogenesis in the liver as was evident from decreased activity of hydroxymethylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase and decreased incorporation of labelled acetate into hepatic cholesterol. Hepatic bile acids showed significant increase and there was increased fecal excretion of neutral sterols and bile acids. Release of lipoproteins into the circulation was lower. The material also caused increase in the activity of lipoprotein lipase in the heart and adipose tissue and also of plasma lecithin: cholesterol acyl transferase.